Extraction of liquids from liquid containing materials



1 t e e h 6 S t e e h s 5 lllll ER 5 FROM LIQUID ERIALS A-W. SIZ OF LIQUID CONTAINING MAT EXTRACTION April 5, 1949.

Filed Sept. 26, 1945 Aprll 5, 1949. A. w. SlZER EXTRACTION I UIDS F M LIQUID CONT MATE R S Filed Sept. 26, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 April 5, 1949. A. w. SIZER EXTRACTION OF LIQUIDS FROM LIQUID CONTAINING MATERIALS 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Sept. 26, 1945 prii 5, 19349. A. w. SIZER 2,466,492

, EXTRACTION 0F LIQUIDS FROM LIQUID CONTAINING MATERIALS Filed Sept. 26, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 N m T, I A

5 Sheets-Sheet 5 FROM LIQUID ERIALS A. W. SIZER ON OF LIQUID ONTAINING MAT EXTRAGTI E w L W X R Vi (M m T v \\\\\\w Aprifi 5, 1194-99 Filed Sept. 26, 1945 Patented Apr. 5, 1949 UNITED STATES E TRACTION F LIQUIDS FROM LIQUID CONTAINING MATERIALS AlbertWilliam Sizer, Hessle; England 7. Claims.

The. present invention relates to. improvements in a method for and machines" for the extraction of liquids from liquid bearing materials.

Whilst the invention is particularly applicable to the. extraction of oil from vegetable seeds such as cotton seed or linseed, ground: nuts. and; the like, fish meal-1 and'like oil bearing'materials, it is also, applicable to the'extraction or water or other liquor from plastic materials: containingthe same.

The object of the present invention iS.'tO1p11O.-. videi a method: and apparatus. for the extraction of" liquid from. liquid: bearing plastic. material which will remove a" higher percentage: of: such liquid in a continuous; process. Machines are knoWn for extracting, for instance; oil: from oil: bearing seeds where the seeds usually contained in bags-are subject to hydraulic pressure but.

means. of a worm either formed" asa: continuous helix or as. a. plurality of" spaced. helices, on. a; common shaft, but" although these machines;pos-.

sess the advantage oi acting on material. continuously and avoid also the costtofi bagging as in the hydraulic process yet they; have not .hitherto been able toextract the desired-' proportion; of other liquid from. the material.

By the present. invention;v a. thrust; is; exerted;

on the mater-ial at: spacedrpointsi alongiza per.- forated'v chamberduring which: time a contraryv thrust of lesser degree: also operates;. on the ma-.

terialin-anopposite-directionand atzoth rt spaced points so that: the} material as: a; whole: never:-

theless moves:forwardafromiqnefind. ta heother of: the chamber;

The. invention is further described: with re-ien' ence to. the accompanying draw-ingsin.wh h

Fig. 1a, showsstheleit hand: end; or one. formofr a. machine; inise'ctional; elevation,.

Fig. 1b.; shows the correspondingright: hand view of sucha machine" in. one form;

Fig 2 is a. sectional" end view.- throu h; the machine,

Fig. 3a is aleftihanda view: ofjamodified form of machine in. sectional elevah'mn,;v

Fig; 3b: i's-itscorresponding right hand end,

Figreiisr anoutside-end' View of a machine. according to Figs. 3w andBbL I Plastic: material from which liquid is to be removed; such, for instance; as water irom'paper pul in paper making, or again all irom oil bearing seeds or other liquid from plastiematerial; can beied; to the inlet lof, a chamber formed-.oftapluralityofrrings 2,3,,4- assembled withinlongitudinal; staves 5 6, which, for instance; can be; keyed to stave- 6' provided withakey 11- for preventing these: rings. turning about the axis: of the cylindricalchamber formed by them; These ringsare perforated'as shown at. 8. and the inner ends of these perforations. may be partiallyobscured or blocked" by means of plugs; 9- having a'lesser cross sectional area than the perforation 8%,, that is to say; for instance, that'the perforations 8' may becylindrical, whilst the plugs: 9. may be in theform of castellated discs; or: again the. periora-tionsv 8 may be fiuted whilst the p1ugs-9 are in the form of cylindrical discs. It wilhhowever, be appreciated that any other form of perforatedwcylinder' may beused.

" either made up in one piece or made. upof a plurality of peripheral rings with interspaces or p ur y of longitudinal bars with: interspaces therebetween as. in themanner ofknown machines for the separation of, oilfrom oilbearing seeds.

The material istransferred 'from the inlet onthe-machinetoan outlet Ill bymeans of a conveyor worm comprising a. plurality of spacedworm sections; H", l2-,gl3- keyed to-and rotatingwith the driving shaft M, and. disposed between any pair; of worm sections, that isto; say between:the-wormsectionsv I l and I2 or between thewor sections i2 and [3-, taken by way of example; are'breakers in the form of stationary projections I5',.mounted1on the fixed casing: on

the: cylindrical chamber, and: projecting radially 3 by the shaft I'4, blade sections [6 having a pitch opposed to the pitch of the worm sections I I, l2, l3 The pitch of these blade sections I5 may either be equal to or different from the pitch of the blade sections H, l2, l3 but in any event are opposite thereto.

It will consequently be seen that material taken up from the inlet I will receive a thrust along the cylindrical chamber formed by the rings 2, 3, 4 by the worm section II in a direction from left to right of the drawings (Figs. 1a and 1b), the material then being subject to resistance by the first set of breaker fingers or projections I5, and then as the material travels further along the cylindrical chamber when it reaches the blade sections l6 these blade sections will tend to feed it in a direction from right to left of the chamber of Figs. 1a and 1b. The area of these blade sections I6 and their pitch angle is such that their backward thrust is less than, and a proportion of, the forward thrust by the helical sections [2, l3 as the case may be. It has been found that this alternate tln'ust in one direction and partial reverse thrust in the opposite direction is particularly efiicacious in breaking down the cell walls of material such as oil bearing seeds, allowing for the oil or other liquid in the plastic material to be extracted therefrom whereupon it can flow out of the chamber through the perforations 8; the discharge of fibrous material from the cylinder along its length is, however, arrested by the plugs 9.

After the material has been subject to a number of repeated forward thrusts by the worm sections ll, I2, I 3 and repeated reverse thrusts by the blade section It, it is discharged from the end ID of the cylindrical chamber past an adjustable cone plug l1, preferably axially adjustable along a threaded sleeve l9 disposed coaxially of the driving shaft Id.

In the modified form of construction shown in Figs. 3a and 3b, the material is similarly taken up from the inlet 20 to the extraction chamber formed of a plurality of rings 2|, 22, 23 similarly held in position by longitudinal staves 24, by means of a worm section 25 on a driving shaft 26 and is similar to the construction of Figs. 1a and 1b subject to periodic reverse thrusts by blade sections 21 on this shaft 26.

In the arrangement shown, however, the cylinder has not the same diameter throughout its length but is formed by a plurality of sections, some of which as shown by the ring 2| are of larger diameter than the section of the chamber formed by the ring 23, these sections being connected by conical shaped sections 22.

Instead of forcing the material'past a conical plug as was described with reference to Figs. 1a and 1b, the material may finally be discharged through a die plate shown in end view in Fig. 4, which die plate may have perforations 28 of any convenient form shown rectangular purely by way of example. The material, therefore, freed of its liquor contact, such as oil, to a desired degree, will be extruded from these perforations 28 in the form of bars which can be conveniently severed into short length to form cakes or cubes by means of a rotating knife 29 mounted on a bracket 30 on the shaft 26.

I declare that what I claim is:

l. A machine for extracting liquid from plastic material consisting of a perforated cylindrical chamber, a driving shaft in said chamber, a plurality of conveyor worm sections of positive pitch in spaced groups mounted on said shaft, and a number of inclined blades of opposite pitch disposed intermediate said worm sections and of an area and inclination such that the rearward thrust they exert on the material in the chamber is of lesser degree than the forward thrust on said material by said positive worm sections.

2. A machine for extracting liquid from plastic material consisting of a perforated cylindrical chamber, a driving shaft in said chamber, a plurality of conveyor worm sections of positive pitch in spaced groups mounted on said shaft, and a number of inclined blades of opposite pitch also mounted on said shaft and disposed intermediate said worm sections and of an area and inclination such that the rearward thrust they exert on the material in the chamber is of lesser degree than the forward thrust on said material by said positive worm sections.

3. A machine for extracting liquid from plastic material consisting of a perforated cylindrical chamber, a driving shaft in said chamber, a plurality of conveyor worm sections of positive pitch in spaced groups mounted on said shaft, a number of inclined blades of opposite pitch also mounted on said shaft and disposed intermediate said worm sections and of an area and inclination such that the rearward thrust they exert on the material in the chamber is of lesser degree than the forward thrust on said material by said positive worm sections, and a number of fixed breaker blades mounted on said chamber disposed radially inwards to cooperate with said inclined blades.

4. A machine for extracting liquid from plastic material consisting of a number of separate elements assembled to form a chamber and presenting radial minute passages from the inside to the outside, a driving shaft in said chamber, a plurality of conveyor worm sections of positive pitch in spaced groups mounted on said shaft, and a number of inclined blades of opposite pitch also mounted on said shaft and disposed intermediate said worm sections and of an area and inclination such that the rearward thrust they exert on the material in the chamber is of lesser degree than the forward thrust on said material by said positive worm sections.

5. A machine for extracting liquid from plastic material consisting of a perforated cylindrical chamber, a driving shaft in said chamber, a plurality of conveyor worm sections of positive pitch in spaced groups mounted on said shaft, a number of inclined blades of opposite pitch also mounted on said shaft and disposed intermediate said worm sections and of an area and inclination such that the rearward thrust they exert on the material in the chamber is of lesser degree than the forward thrust on said material by said positive worm sections, a perforated die plate closing the outlet end of the chamber, and means cooperating with this die plate 'to sever material extruded therethrough into short lengths.

6. A machine for extracting liquid from plastic material consisting of a perforated cylindrical chamber, a driving shaft in said chamber, a plurality of conveyor worm sections of positive pitch in spaced groups mounted on said shaft, a number of inclined blades of opposite pitch also mounted on said shaft and disposed intermediate said worm sections and of' an area and inclination such that the rearward thrust they exert on the material in the chamber is of lesser degree than the forward thrust on said material by said positive worm sections, a conical plug partly closing the outlet end of said chamber, and means to adjust said conical plug axially of the driving shaft.

7. A method of extracting liquids from plastic material consisting in conveying the material through a perforated chamber, exerting a thrust on the material at spaced points along the length of said chamber, simultaneously exerting a contrary thrust on the material of lesser degree and in opposite direction at other spaced points along the length of said chamber so that the material nevertheless is displaced from one end to the other of the chamber whilst liquid is exuded therefrom, and finally discharging from said chamber material freed from liquid.

ALBERT WILLIAM SIZER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Fiddyment Jan. 7, 1913 Fowler Dec. 24, 1918 Vandergrift June 10, 1930 Lavett July 25, 1933 Levine et al Nov. 9, 1943 Upton Nov. 30, 1943 

